&\textbf{September 26, 2009}&\textbf{September 27 2008}\\ Enlightened Rule by Monarchs Despot: a king or other ruler with absolute, unlimited power. However, the idea that citizens could hold their leaders accountable was revolutionary. \text{Accounts receivable at end of year}&3,361&2,422\\ Enlightenment thinkers argued that liberty was a natural human right and that reason and scientific knowledgenot the state or the churchwere responsible for human progress. Rousseau saw groups such as women, ethnic minorities, and enslaved people as inherently inferior to white men. Newtons calculus and optical theories provided the powerful Enlightenment metaphors for precisely measured change and illumination. It was characterized by a focus on reason, science, and individualism, and it represented a shift away from traditional ways of thinking about religion, politics, and society. . Voltaire, whose official name was Franois-Marie Arouet, was a French philosopher and writer who factored significantly in the development and spread of Enlightenment thinking. Those theses accused the Catholic Church of corruption and abuse of power. During this era, the idea of separating religion and politics became popular thanks to individuals like John Locke who believed that there should be a "separation of church and state." The English philosopher and political theorist John Locke (1632-1704) laid much of the groundwork for the Enlightenment and made central contributions to the development of liberalism . Also known as Renaissance humanism, the historical program was so broadly and . How did enlightenment thinkers approach the study of government. After a thirteen-year war, the Haitians defeated the French and established the first Black-led republic. 2 geometry, number theory, mathematical analysis and much more but these were the foundations of the knowledge humans have used since and it was incredibly advanced for the time (Boundless, n.d.-b). . How did the Enlightenment thinkers influence the government of the United States quizlet? Locke supported England's constitutional monarchy and promoted democratic governments with a system of checks and balances. Introduction to American government unit test review Round to one decimal place. [CDATA[// >